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Objective To optimize the synthesis method of 18F-T807 and study preliminary biodistribution. Methods 18F-T807 was synthesized using an optimized method in TRACERlab FXFN synthesizer with a t-BOC（t-Butyloxy carbonyl）-protected 18F-T807 precursor NPPI-9 as starting material, improving experimental conditions for synthesis, then QC and biodistribution study in Wistar rats conducted. Results The improved synthesis conditions increased the synthesis yield from 20.5%±6.1% to 25.7%±5.8%. QC met the standard. Wistar rats had higher intake in kidney, liver, blood and lowest intake in brain, heart, lung. Conclusion The optimized synthesis method to synthesize 18F-T807 is simple and easy, and high yield, which can meet the needs of scientific research and clinical practice.
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Objective To analyze the metabolic differences of 11C-flumazenil (11C-FMZ) with different specific radioactivity by detecting the percentage proportion of the main metabolites in vivo. Methods 5 male and 5 female volunteers with average age of (41.7±4.7) years and weight of (69.3±6.8) kg were selected from May to October 2019. 11C-FMZ with high and low specific radioactivity (268.3±57.2)×103 and (57.8±11.4)×103 Ci/mol was injected successively. The percentage of injected dose/liter of 11C-FMZ and its metabolites in the plasma at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 60 min after the injection was measured. Paired sample mean t test was used to calculate and compare the percentage of metabolites in the two groups. Results The percentage proportion of metabolites increased gradually with time, and reached the stable level after 15 min. The percentage proportion of low specific radioactivity group was higher than that of high specific radioactivity group with a significant statistical difference between 15 min and 60 min (P<0.05). Conclusion The metabolic rate of 11C-FMZ with different specific radioactivity was significantly different after injection and the specific radioactivity difference should be avoided if possible in clinical application.
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Objective: This paper develops a methodology for steady and orderly expansion of the designated medical insurance drugstores. Methods:With the help of grid management ideology, the paper uses ArcGIS and its function modules to define and visualize the scope of the medical insurance drugs service with the guidance of fairness and efficiency through analyzing the basic data including population distribution, the physical distribution of drug-stores and soon. Results:In order to figure out the procedure of the methodology,the key problems were all solved, including defining and visualizing the scope of the medical insurance drugs service area,,checking and ratifying the scope that need to supplement or increase the medical insurance drugstores, making measures for the annual imple-mentation and confirming a selection principle for designated medical insurance drugstores. Conclusion:The Method-ology guided by fairness and efficiency of the medicare designated pharmacy layout planning is practical and feasible, which can probably provide a reference for increasing the designated medical insurance drugstores steadily and orderly.
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Objective:To analyze losses and gains (L&G) of basic medical institutions induced by the Essen-tial Medicines Policy.Methods: Choosing some poverty-stricken county in western China as sample area to conduct field research,using 2009 as baseline year,to calculate L&G and L&G ratio of basic medical institutions caused by adjustments of drug policy,medical services prices, and government subsidies from 2009—2015. Results: Medical facilities have gained after the implementation of the Essential Medicines Policy as a whole. Gains were on an upward trend from 2009—2015,and L&G ratio increased from -2.15% in 2009 to 47.70% in 2015. For medical facilities at different levels, their gains attributed to different causes. Gains for medical facilities at village and town levels mainly attributed to government subsidies;gains for medical facilities at county level mainly attributed to adjustment of medical services prices. Conclusions:Implementation of the Essential Medicines Policy has helped adjust composi-tion of losses and gains of medical facilities. Moving forward,functions and development of medical facilities should be strengthened with a focus on adjusting medical services prices for medical facilities at town level.
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Objective To provide a reference for optimizing pharmacy human resources allocation in military hospitals in a region .Methods Data of pharmacy human resources of 15 military hospitals in a region were collected from 2 pharmacy re-sources investigations of military hospitals in 2006 and 2013 .For comparison analysis on the changes of pharmacy human re-sources in regional military hospitals in 8 years during 2001-2005 and 2010-2012 ,15 military hospitals were divided into 3 groups according actual beds number ,as 399 beds or less ,400-600 beds ,1000 beds above .Results 2010-2012 ,the average annual growth rate of pharmacy human resources was 7 .11% in 1000 beds above group ,5 .05% in 400-600 beds group ,and 2 .28% in 399 beds or less group .It was showed that the changes of pharmacy human resources had grown trend since 2005 . But the average annual growth rate of pharmacy human resources was much lower than the average annual growth rate of hospi-tal outpatient .Pharmacy human resources with high educational background or high title were concentrated in 1000 beds above group .Half of the staff had bachelor's degree in all groups .The incoming staffs were basically with junior title or intermediate title since 2005 .Conclusion Pharmacy staff accounted for the low proportion of medical technicians ,and per capita workload increased every year in pharmacy department .So pharmacy human resources should be increased .Dispensing ,preparation ,as traditional posts ,and pharmacy intravenous admixture ,clinical pharmacy ,as new posts competed pharmacy human resources . So the human resources needs of the development of clinical pharmacy should be rationally controlled .The distribution of high-level human resources in regional military hospitals shows more concentrated ,which should be a holistic approach to optimize the layout of pharmaceutical human resources .
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Objective To establish a method to objectively and easily evaluate the production efficiency of pharmacy divi-sion .Methods Data of the input and output of 25 military hospitals pharmacy were analyzed ;indicators of descriptive evalua-tion on pharmacy production efficiency were established .Results A method of descriptive evaluation on pharmacy production efficiency was established ,which included annual drug income per capita ,annual drug income per bed ,daily deployment pre-scriptions per capita as economic output efficiency indicators ,service time of clinical pharmacists as improvement efficiency indi-cators ,and scores of preventing medication errors as prevention efficiency indicators .Conclusion The economic output efficien-cy indicators have limitations .The quantitative methods of quality output efficiency indicators need further improvement .
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Obejective To investigate the effect of exogenous microRNA 136(mir136) on contents of S100 calcium binding protein A6 (S100A6) and proliferation in human colon cancer cell line HCT116 through constructing a eukaryotic expression vector of mir136 (pcDNA-mir136) and cationic liposome-mediated transfection.Methods Human genomic DNA was extracted from HEK293 cells and the DNA fragment containing mir136 precursor sequence was amplified by PCR and cloned into pcDNA to construct pcDNA-mir136. The plasmid was transfected into HCT116 cells via cationic liposome. The content of mir136 was determined by Real-time PCR, S100A6 protein was examined by Western blotting analysis, and apoptosis was detected by Flow Cytometry at 48 h after transfection. The proliferation ability of the tumor cells was examined by CCK-8 at 24 and 48 hours after transfection. Results The eukaryotic expression vector of mir136 was successfully constructed and transfected into HCT116 cells. Expression of mir136 was significantly higher in the transfected group than that in the untransfected group (P<0.01) and the content of S100A6 protein was significantly lower than that of the untransfected group (P<0.05) 48 h after transfection. Meanwhile, cell proliferation activity of the transfected group was significantly lower than that of the untransfected group (P<0.05) and cell apoptosis was significantly increased compared with the untransfected group (P<0.01).Conclusion Mir136 may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of HCT116 cells by inhibiting the expression of S100A6 gene.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the scope and degree of short-term adverse reactions of peginterferon alfa-2a in treatment of chronic hepatitis in adults and children to provide basis for anti-viral treatment in clinical practice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective study was conducted in adults and children with chronic hepatitis treated with peginterferon alfa-2a. Meanwhile, the reactions in the patients were recorded with a table designed by ourselves and statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The short-term adverse reactions included increase in body temperature and aching pain in joints and muscles. The increase in body temperature was the major reaction and accounted for 54.11%. The increase in body temperature began to appear in 47.6% of the patients. The body temperature was 37.3 degrees C-38.9 degrees C in most of the patients and mediate and low increase was found in 85.4% of the patients, which was decreased to 70% in the 4th week. However, the percentage of patients with high temperature was increased from 14.5% in the 1st week to 30% in the 4th week. The increase of body temperature began to appear in 9-12 h and 3-5 h after injection of peginterferon alfa-2a in the 1st and later, respectively. The duration of fever was 3-4 h in most of the patients. It appeared once in 1 week after the rejection in most of the patients. For management of fever, cooling with medication was conducted in 45.5 % of the patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The short-term adverse reactions in patients with chronic hepatitis treated with peginterferon alfa-2a include the increase in body temperature etc. The severity of the adverse reactions gradually reduces with continuation of the treatment. Of the adverse reactions, the increase in body temperature is the major (47.6%) and others only account for 1%-16.9%. The increase in body temperature is mainly transient and no management is needed in 50% of the patients. Since the "ladder-type" dose-adding method is used for administration of peginterferon alfa-2a in this group of patients, the adverse reactions are low in number and mild in degree.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antiviral Agents , Body Temperature , CD40 Antigens , Metabolism , Chlorocebus aethiops , Virology , Drug Administration Schedule , Hepatitis C, Chronic , Drug Therapy , Hepatitis, Chronic , Drug Therapy , Interferon-alpha , Polyethylene Glycols , Recombinant ProteinsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the hair-removal effect of IPL for hairy skin grafts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>10 patients with hairy skin grafts were treated with IPL (ELITEplus) for hair removal 3 to 5 times at intervals of 2 months. The patients received IPL(610 - 1 000 nm) with spot size of 10 mm x 50 mm, pulse width of 5 msec with a delay of 2 - 20 msec, fluence of 30 - 38.3 J/cm2 .</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The treatment was well tolerated with no need of anesthesia in all the patients. The hairs were removed completely after 3 to 5 treatments. The treated site could be washed as usual with no need of dressing. There was no blister, infection, hyperpigmentation and scarring. Only vellus were existed during the follow-up period of 6 - 12 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IPL is a safe and reliable method to remove unwanted hair on skin grafts. It can be easily performed with a lower complication.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Burns , General Surgery , Hair Removal , Methods , Skin Transplantation , Methods , Surgical FlapsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire we designed for subhealth status survey based on the symptoms described in traditional Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>By on-the-spot investigation, the recovery rate of the questionnaires was 96.3% and the response rate of the items was 97.2%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Internal consistency reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was high (0.9274-0.9676), and each item was closely associated with its related factors (with Spearman coefficient mostly above 0.6 except for that for bodily symptoms in female). Factor loading was approximately consistent with the structure and content of the questionnaire.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This subhealth status questionnaire can be reliable and effective.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Health Status , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate NF-kappaB activity and the expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein in lung tissue of acute paraquat poisoned rats and the effect of MT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: poisoned group, MT group and control group. On the 1st, the 3rd, the 7th and the 14th day after exposure, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were detected, NF-kappaB activity in the lung tissues was assessed by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), the expression of the phosphorylated p38 MAPK was evaluated by Western blot method, the lung pathological changes of rats were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum increased significantly in poisoned group on the 1st day (4.45 +/- 1.23), the 3rd day (3.77 +/- 1.12) and the 7th day (2.84 +/- 0.96) nmol/ml compared with that in control group (1.36 +/- 0.52) nmol/ml (P < 0.01). There was a significant decrease in MT group on the 1st day (2.68 +/- 0.85), the 3rd day (1.97 +/- 0.74) and the 7th day (1.53 +/- 0.62) nmol/ml compared with poisoned group (P < 0.05). The expression of the phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB activity in lung tissue of poisoned group significantly increased compared with control group (P < 0.01). There was a significant decrease in NF-kappaB activity and expression of the phosphorylated p38 MAPK in the lung tissues in MT group compared with poisoned group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK could play an important role in lung injury of poisoned rats. MT may inhibit the expression of NF-kappaB and phosphorylated p38 MAPK, and therefore might have the therapeutical effect on acute paraquat poisoning.</p>
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Acute Lung Injury , Metabolism , Pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Lung , Metabolism , Pathology , NF-kappa B , Metabolism , Paraquat , Poisoning , Phosphorylation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical manifestation of subhealth status in teachers and medical staff.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An on-the-spot investigation was conducted in 891 personnel of a medical college using a self-designed subhealth questionnaire. The diagnostic criteria for subhealth status were formulated on the basis of literature review and expert counseling. The results were analyzed by frequency analysis and multiple-factor logistic analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total subhealth incidence was 57.2 %, and the clinical manifestations included many symptoms of the body, psychology and society. Multiple-factor logistic analysis revealed the most common clinical manifestations of subhealth status including ademonia, weariness, insomnia, waist and back pain, frequent sighs, eye dryness, inattention, irritability, foot and hand coldness, vulnerability to common cold etc.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical manifestations of sub-health status complex.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Epidemiology , Health Status , Logistic Models , Medical Staff , Schools, MedicalABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the resource allocation efficiency in 9 military institutes for drug and instrument control, so as to table an optimized proposal for resource allocation. Methods: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to evaluate the resource allocation efficiency of the sample institutes based on data collection. Results: Of the 9 institutes, 1 was pure technical inefficient, 3 were resource disposability inefficient, and 5 were scale inefficient. An optimized resource allocation proposal was tabled to each of the 9 institutes. Conclusion: With the progress of the army's modernization and the deepening of reform on the army's establishment and structure, military institutes for drug and instrument control should adjust the resource allocation strategy for more technical and social benefit.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the hair-removal effect of intense pulsed light (IPL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The unwanted hairs were removed with ELITE plus IPL. The treatment took 3 - 5 procedures, with an interval of over 2 months. 341 patients underwent the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were well tolerant without anesthesia. The unwanted hairs were wholly removed after 3 - 5 procedures. After operation, routine cleaning and make-up were allowed and bandaging was not necessary. There were blister in 3 cases and infection in 1 case. No pigmentation and scarring happened. Following-up of 3 - 6 months showed steady results with less regeneration of very thin and soft hair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IPL is an ideal hair-removal method because of the credible effect, simple operation, rapid treatment and no serious complications.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hair Removal , Methods , LightABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the collagen changes of allografting an acellular dermal matrix (allo-ADM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The allo-ADM was grafted underneath the skin of SD rats. The content of collagen and the proportion of type I to III collagen was examined with a biochemical assay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The content of collagen and the proportion of type I to III collagen in the allo-ADM group showed no significant changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The allo-ADM could keep long time in the body and it may be an ideal material for soft tissue filling.</p>
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Collagen , Dermis , Metabolism , Transplantation , Postoperative Period , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Skin Transplantation , Methods , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the resource allocation efficiency in 9 military institutes for drug and instrument control,so as to table an optimized proposal for resource allocation.Methods: Data envelopment analysis(DEA) was used to evaluate the resource allocation efficiency of the sample institutes based on data collection.Results: Of the 9 institutes,1 was pure technical inefficient,3 were resource disposability inefficient,and 5 were scale inefficient.An optimized resource allocation proposal was tabled to each of the 9 institutes.Conclusion: With the progress of the army's modernization and the deepening of reform on the army's establishment and structure,military institutes for drug and instrument control should adjust the resource allocation strategy for more technical and social benefit.